Basenkapazität (auch als KB82 bezeichnet) ist ein Begriff, der in der chemischen Analyse und insbesondere in der Wasserchemie verwendet wird. Es bezieht sich auf die Fähigkeit eines Wassers, Säuren zu neutralisieren, indem es Hydroxid-Ionen (OH-) freisetzt.
KB82 wird oft in Verbindung mit der Carbonathärte eines Wassers gemessen. Die Carbonathärte bezieht sich auf die Konzentration von Calcium- und Magnesiumkarbonat im Wasser, das bei der Auflösung von Carbonatgesteinen wie Kalkstein entsteht. Wenn Säuren in das Wasser gelangen, können sich die Carbonat-Ionen angreifen und in CO2 und Wasser umwandeln, was zu einem Absinken des pH-Werts führt.
Die Basenkapazität misst die Fähigkeit des Wassers, diese Säure zu neutralisieren und den pH-Wert zu stabilisieren, was zu einer höheren Pufferkapazität führt. Die Basenkapazität kann durch verschiedene Faktoren beeinflusst werden, einschließlich der Konzentration von Carbonat- und Hydroxid-Ionen im Wasser sowie der Anwesenheit von anderen Puffersystemen im Wasser.
Die Messung der Basenkapazität ist wichtig, um die Stabilität des pH-Werts des Wassers zu gewährleisten, insbesondere in Anwendungen wie der Wasseraufbereitung, der Lebensmittel- und Getränkeindustrie und der chemischen Industrie.
Aufschluss über die Basenkapazität kann mittels der Gerätevarianten Testomat 2000, Testomat 2000 Antox, Testomat 2000 THCL sowie der Gerätetypen Titromat M1 und Titromat M2 gegeben werden.
Online Monitoring of Total Chlorine and Water Hardness with the T 2000 THCL Testomat 2000 THCL – Online analyzer by Heyl with photometric chlorine measurement and automatic titration The Testomat 2000 THCL is part of the T 2000 device family from Heyl, designed for simultaneous online monitoring of total chlorine content and water hardness. Using the photometric DPD method, it reliably measures total chlorine in the range of 0–2.5 mg/l (ppm), while fully automatic titration determines water hardness from 0.25 to 2.50 °dH. The device combines photometric total chlorine measurement with fully automatic water hardness titration in a 230 V system. Integrated limit relays allow direct implementation of alarm and control functions, while optional interfaces enable extended external data recording via SD card data loggers or analog current interfaces (e.g., 0/4–20 mA). Features of the Testomat 2000 THCL It measures total chlorine using the proven DPD method and simultaneously determines water hardness via automatic titration. Two independently programmable limit contacts allow direct monitoring and control of external processes, while an optional interface card stores data for long-term documentation or process monitoring. Applications of the Testomat 2000 THCL Monitoring of reverse osmosis systems Protection of reverse osmosis membranes from scaling due to hardness and damage from excessive chlorine Monitoring of softening and chlorination units in drinking water systems Performance Profile of the Testomat 2000 THCL Two independently programmable limit contacts for monitoring and control; analysis results can be recorded via optional interface card (current interface SK910) for a point or strip chart recorder (0/4–20 mA) or SD-Card data logger Testomat 2000® Menu-guided operation and programming via plain text display High measurement accuracy through precise piston dosing pump Analysis triggering: Automatic interval operation (interval pause adjustable from 0–99 minutes) External control Volume-dependent via contact water meter Two independent limit values with hysteresis (1, 2, or 3 failed analyses) and adjustable switching functions Monitoring of two measurement points (switching via external solenoid valves) Internal error documentation Programmable service address Indicator quantities: 100 and 500 ml bottles Programmable maintenance interval for maintenance requests
Testomat 2000 – Online Analysis Device for Water Hardness and Other Parameters Continuous water quality monitoring with automatic titration and flexible parameter selection The Testomat 2000 is a versatile analysis device for the continuous determination of key water quality parameters such as water hardness, carbonate hardness, p-value, and minus m-value. The process photometer operates fully automatically with a precise piston dosing pump and plain-text menu display, allowing measurement, analysis, and control without manual intervention. Individually selectable indicators enable different parameters and measurement ranges, while internal limit contacts ensure reliable monitoring and alarm functions. Depending on the selected indicator, the device measures residual hardness, total hardness, carbonate hardness, p-value, or minus m-value fully automatically via precise titration. Two independently programmable limit contacts support automatic control and alarm functions, while external control options such as range-dependent measurement triggering or versions with SD card data logger are available for documentation and process analysis. What functions does the Testomat 2000 from Heyl offer? It combines modern measurement principles with practical control and evaluation functions. By selecting different indicator types, it can be used in a wide variety of applications. Two freely programmable limit values with adjustable hysteresis support monitoring tasks, and optional interfaces expand the device for complete data recording or integration with control systems. Applications for the Testomat 2000 Hardness Monitoring water quality in water treatment, blending, and drinking water systems Monitoring and quality control of softening systems with or without blending Monitoring and quality assurance of decarbonization systems Prevention of acid intrusion in decarbonization systems Boiler monitoring of steam boilers Performance Profile of the Testomat 2000 Simple, menu-guided operation and programming via plain-text display Measurement of residual hardness, total hardness, carbonate hardness, minus m-value, or p-value selectable via indicator choice Free choice of hardness units: °dH, °f, ppm CaCO3, or mmol/l High measurement accuracy due to precise piston dosing pump Analysis triggering: Automatic interval operation (interval pause adjustable from 0–99 minutes) External triggering Dynamic (exhaustion-dependent interval operation) Quantity-dependent via contact water meter Two independent limit values with hysteresis (1, 2, or 3 bad analyses) and adjustable switching functions Monitoring of two measuring points (switching via external solenoid valves) Internal error documentation Programmable service address Indicator volumes: 100 and 500 ml bottles Programmable maintenance interval for maintenance requests
Testomat 2000 Antox for Online Water Analysis with Reductant Dosing Precise Water Hardness and Parameter Monitoring The Testomat 2000 Antox is a specialized version of the Testomat 2000 with an additional pump for dosing a reductant. It was specifically designed to eliminate measurement interference caused by oxidizing substances. The additional pump doses the reductant directly into the measurement chamber before the analysis begins, ensuring that the subsequent measurement is conducted under stable conditions. The precise piston dosing pump guarantees high measurement accuracy. The extra reductant dosing pump removes measurement errors caused by oxidizing substances in the sample water chamber. The water analysis is then automatically carried out using the standard procedure, allowing reliable measurement of residual hardness, total hardness, carbonate hardness, p-value, and minus m-value. Adjustable analysis triggering in interval or dynamic mode, external control options, and freely programmable limit contacts ensure flexible integration. What functions does the Testomat 2000 Antox offer? The selection of different indicators allows measurement of various parameters, and the precise piston dosing pump ensures reproducible results. Analysis can be triggered automatically in timed intervals or dynamically. External water meter signals can be used for analysis triggering. Additionally, there are two independently programmable limit contacts for automatic control and alarm functions. Where can the Testomat 2000 Antox be used? Oxidizing agents – especially chlorine – are present in water in many technical, municipal, and industrial applications. Other application areas include: Cooling water circuits Process water treatment Food and beverage industry Chemical industry Performance profile of the Testomat 2000 Antox Easy menu-guided operation and programming via plain text display Measurement of residual hardness, total hardness, carbonate hardness, minus m-value, and p-value selectable via indicator Choice of hardness units in °dH, °f, ppm CaCO3, or mmol/l High measurement accuracy through precise piston dosing pump Analysis triggering: Automatic interval operation (interval pause adjustable from 0–99 minutes) External control Dynamic (exhaust-dependent interval operation) Flow-dependent via water meter Two independent limit values with hysteresis (1, 2, or 3 bad analyses) and adjustable switching functions Monitoring of two measuring points (switching via external solenoid valves) Internal error documentation Programmable service address Indicator quantities: 100 and 500 ml bottles Programmable maintenance interval for service request
Titromat M1 – Automatic Carbonate Hardness Analysis in the Low Range Continuous monitoring of water hardness for safe process operations The Titromat M1 automatically monitors and determines the carbonate hardness in water within the low measurement range. It delivers continuous, precise measurement results and is ideal for systems where fluctuations in water hardness need to be detected immediately. Technical Features of the Titromat M1 The device provides precise values in the low hardness range and delivers stable measurement data over long periods. Its performance profile includes: Flexible measurement intervals: The frequency of measurements can be adjusted to system requirements, allowing rapid changes in water hardness to be detected immediately. Automatic sample and reagent handling: The device doses reagents automatically and handles samples on its own, significantly reducing operator effort. Documentation and interfaces: Measurement results can be stored directly or transmitted to higher-level systems for process monitoring. Long-term stability: Accuracy is maintained even during continuous operation over weeks or months. Where can the Titromat be used? Residual alkalinity after decarbonization (boiler room, brewery) Corrosion monitoring in boiler feed water Why is monitoring carbonate hardness important in water treatment? Carbonate hardness (residual alkalinity or m-value) significantly affects pH stability, corrosion tendency, and scale formation in water. High values promote deposits and boiler scale, while low values can result in aggressive water and corrosion. Continuous monitoring of carbonate hardness allows targeted process control, protects equipment, and ensures consistent water quality in technical and industrial applications.
Titromat M2 – Automatic Carbonate Hardness Analysis Continuous monitoring of residual alkalinity in the low range – Measurement technology from Heyl The Titromat M2 is an automatic analysis device for the continuous determination and monitoring of carbonate hardness (residual alkalinity or m-value) in aqueous media within the low measurement range. The Titromat reliably measures carbonate hardness in technical water applications on an ongoing basis. Through automatic measurement, it continuously provides up-to-date values that can be used for process control and quality assurance. Manual analyses are also reduced. What is the performance profile of the Titromat from Heyl? The device provides stable and repeatable measurement data over long periods and is designed for low-maintenance operation. Its performance profile includes: Automatic sample handling and reagent management: Operator effort is significantly reduced. Flexible measurement intervals: The frequency of measurements can be adjusted to the needs of your system. Documentation and interface options: Allows easy logging or transmission of measurement data to higher-level systems. Automatic measurement of carbonate hardness with the Titromat By independently determining carbonate hardness within its measurement range, the device continuously delivers verifiable results. Permanent analysis allows fluctuations to be detected immediately.